Share. In order to clarify not only the macroeconomic impact of entrepreneurship on economic welfare but also the determinants of this impact, this paper provides a broad-ranging systematic, evidence-based literature review including a narrative synthesis. The review of 102 publications reveals that the literature generally lacks research which (a) goes beyond the common measures of economic welfare, (b) examines the long-term impact of entrepreneurship and (c) focuses on emerging and developing countries. However, except for a recently emerged empirical research stream on innovativeness, no new insights could be gained on the already reviewed determinants. Although many common measures of social and environmental welfare (e.g. It tries to establish a reliable Office of Innovation & Entrepreneurship via email (preferred) at oie@eda.gov or via phone at (202) 482-8001. Entrep Reg Dev 19:281291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9074-x, van Praag CM, Wit GD, Bosma N (2005) Initial capital constraints hinder entrepreneurial venture performance. In urban regions and agglomerations, new firms have a more pronounced and more positive impact on employment (Baptista and Preto 2011; Henderson and Weiler 2009; van Stel and Suddle 2008) and GDP (Audretsch et al. In this context, a structured overview is not only essential for the scientific entrepreneurship community but also for politicians all over the world who need detailed information on the impact of entrepreneurship to promote the right types of entrepreneurship in the right situations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-007-0038-z, Ashcroft B, Love JH (1996) Firm births and employment change in the British counties: 198189. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280929, van Stel A, Suddle K (2008) The impact of new firm formation on regional development in the Netherlands. Hence, even if the selected sample is not exhaustive, it is very likely to be representative of the relevant literature. Comparing the last two rows, it seems that the studies analysing the determinants of the impact of entrepreneurship are a representative share of all reviewed studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/20452101211261417, Anokhin S, Wincent J (2012) Start-up rates and innovation: a cross-country examination. J Entrep Public Policy. Reg Stud 49:1027. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495812500021, Kirzner IM (1973) Competition and entrepreneurship. WebResearch Proposal On Entrepreneurship Development 100% Success rate 2646 Customer Reviews How does this work Information about writing process of our company offers three types of essay writers: the best available writer aka. Google Scholar, Acs ZJ, Armington C (2004) Employment growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities. 4 Becoming an entrepreneur entrepreneurship as a dynamic process Unlike the static view implied by the above defini- Table2 presents the findings of all reviewed studies which analysed the impact of new firm formations on employment and GDP in one, two or all three phases. A new venture program housed at the University of California San Diegos School of Global Policy and Strategy (GPS) will soon be poised to help translate innovative ideas into high-value companies and nonprofits. 2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9233-3, Higgins JPT, Green S (2008) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019604426387, Carree M, van Stel A, Thurik R, Wennekers S (2007) The relationship between economic development and business ownership revisited. China Econ Rev 23:948961. However, the three latest reviews all have a narrowly defined research focus. Atems and Shand 2018; Audretsch and Keilbach 2004a; Fritsch and Mueller 2004, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1, World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Brundtland report: our common future. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465750316655902, Alvarez SA, Barney JB (2014) Entrepreneurial opportunities and poverty alleviation. Found Trends Entrep 11:154. In contrast to the clear research focus on economic welfare, only five studies were found which analysed the impact of entrepreneurship on environmental or social welfare. The developed roadmap for future researchcombined with a higher variety of applied measures of entrepreneurship and with an increased awareness of causality and interdependency issueswill allow future researchers to unravel the complex relationship between entrepreneurship and welfare and therewith to provide politicians the comprehensive information they need to promote the right types of entrepreneurship in the right situations. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654311003593556, Erken H, Donselaar P, Thurik R (2018) Total factor productivity and the role of entrepreneurship. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. To ensure that this information prepared for policy makers are truly comprehensive, it is essential that state-of-the-art research considers not only economic outcomes of entrepreneurship but also its social and environmental effects. The impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and its determinants: a systematic review, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00193-7, The evolution of regional entrepreneurship policies: no one size fits all, Environmental entrepreneurship: a bibliometric perspective of the field, The controversial link between entrepreneurial activity and inequality, The process of sustainable entrepreneurship: a multi-country analysis, The Moderating Effect of Countries Development on the Characterization of the Social Entrepreneur: An Empirical Analysis with GEM Data. 2014). The insights from this initial search phase were used to further develop relevant search terms resulting in the Boolean search string presented in the online appendix. Page 1 of 270 Results . https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242411407310, Li H, Yang Z, Yao X, Zhang H, Zhang J (2012) Entrepreneurship, private economy and growth: evidence from China. 2002) significantly determine the impact of entrepreneurship. An in-depth discussion of regional differences in the macroeconomic impact of new firms can be found in the monograph by Fritsch (2013). Manag Sci 53:169177. 2005), the other seven studies found evidence that OEA significantly increases national innovativeness (Acs and Varga 2005; Draghici and Albulescu 2014), competitiveness (Mrozewski and Kratzer 2017) and productivity (Du and OConnor 2017; Gonzlez-Perna and Pea-Legazkue 2015; Ivanovic-ukic et al. The requirement for more long-term studies is further highlighted here. While many microeconomic studies have highlighted that an entrepreneurs qualifications in terms of education (e.g. 2008; Baptista and Preto 2010, 2011), for West Germany (Fritsch and Mueller 2008; Fritsch and Noseleit 2013a), for the Netherlands (van Stel and Suddle 2008; Koster 2011; Delfmann and Koster 2016), for Sweden (Andersson and Noseleit 2011), for China (Rho and Gao 2012) for Canada (Matejovsky et al. van Praag and Versloot (2007) thus made the first systematic attempt to distinguish the few new firms which are of economic relevance from the majority of meaningless new firms. J Evol Econ 23:693718. Studies must analyse the macroeconomic impact of entrepreneurship by applying at least one economic, social or environmental welfare measure on an aggregated regional, national or global level. Int J Entrep Innov 17:155172. Small Bus Econ 30:85100. However, studies which compared countries in different development stages found that the magnitude of the impact of entrepreneurship depends on the national welfare level and is generally higher in more developed countries (Anokhin and Wincent 2012; Carree et al. Although four of these studies could not find a significant economic impact of OEA or NEA (Albulescu and Draghici 2016; Ferreira et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-012-0265-5, Block JH, Fisch CO, van Praag M (2017) The Schumpeterian entrepreneur: a review of the empirical evidence on the antecedents, behaviour and consequences of innovative entrepreneurship. WebElliot Law. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.013, Raz O, Gloor PA (2007) Size really matters-new insights for start-ups survival. The analysed literature predominantly confirms the results of previous literature reviews and gives empirical evidence that new firm formations have a generally positive effect on regional development and economic performance. Section2 describes the methodological approach of the review. J Entrep 27:243257. the number of patent applications. In: Shepperd M, Hall T, Myrtveit I (eds) Proceedings of the 18th international conference on evaluation and assessment in software engineeringEASE 14. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2019.0004, Harmina A (2016) The role of entrepreneurship in explaining the real gross domestic product per capita: regression model selection. Because of the growing importance of developing and particularly BRICS countries, it is important to increase the knowledge on how the impact of entrepreneurship manifests in these countries. Small Bus Econ 39:289300. 2005; Jones and Gatrell 2014; Popay et al. Furthermore, none of these reviews provided (4) a structured overview on the empirical knowledge on the impact of entrepreneurship on the economy or (5) included research on the social and environmental impact of entrepreneurship. J Entrep Public Policy 5:7381. Region & Country: Region : Asia Country : Bangladesh 3.0 Scope and Type of the Intervention: (2006) was chosen to aggregate, combine and summarise the diverse set of studies. Nursing Business and Economics Management Marketing +130. These empirical insights identify entrepreneurship as a regional phenomenon and illustrate that macroeconomic effects of new firms are shaped by local conditions. Webo a science or research park, iii . (2011) found the impact of HEA on GDP in eight analysed lower-income to upper-middle-income economies (World Bank 2002 classification) even higher compared to the impact in the 22 analysed high-income economies. Specifically, buying papers from us you can get 5%, 10%, or 15% discount. Another frequently applied measure of entrepreneurship is total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (Reynolds et al. Rev Econ Stat 94:11431156. In fact, some of the determinants presented have already been thoroughly investigated in highly recommendable earlier literature reviews, namely: industry affiliation (Fritsch 2013), regional population- and entrepreneurship density (Fritsch 2013), institutions and culture (Bjrnskov and Foss 2016; Urbano et al. The Foundation selected six of these projects for its first funding cohort. The inclusion of qualitative studies might have revealed further studies dealing with the impact of entrepreneurship on environmental and social welfare. Furthermore, these determinants as well as the largely unexplored determinant qualifications are of considerable practical and political relevance. That is why, as recommended by many researchers before (e.g. Small Bus Econ 48:393412. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take. WebThe Rustandy Center for Social Sector Innovation at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation are pleased to announce the winners of the John Edwardson, 72, Social New Venture Challenge (SNVC), the social impact track of the University of Chicagos nationally ranked business launch program, the Written by Mariel Cox 23, a Full-Time MBA Program student As competition day drew to a close, anticipation filled the air. 1992; Baum et al. Finally, to encourage future research, this paper indicates shortcomings in the empirical research not only on the impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare, but also on the described and structured determinants of this impact. Flexible discount program. Ann Reg Sci 56:3354. Furthermore, I would like to express my appreciation to the participants of the G-Forum conference in Wien, Austria (September, 2019) and of the paper development workshop of the FGF e.V. Section5 discusses the limitations of this paper and provides a conclusion. Most of the identified studies were published in high-quality management, economics, social science and environmental science journals. While Block et al. How does the proposed project relate to the sponsor's interests? WebDraft Project Proposal On Women Skill Training and Empowerment through Entrepreneurship Development Initiatives 1.0 Intervention Name: Women Skill Training and Empowerment through Entrepreneurship Development Initiatives 2.0. Contrary to the well-researched impact of entrepreneurship on employment and GDP, little is known about the impact on social and environmental welfare. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.033, Baptista R, Preto MT (2010) Long-term effects of new firm formation by type of start-up. The number of selected search terms was intentionally rather broad to avoid overlooking potentially valuable studies. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-015-9446-3, Ben Youssef A, Boubaker S, Omri A (2018) Entrepreneurship and sustainability: the need for innovative and institutional solutions. 2002, 2007; Crnogaj et al. Wennekers and Thurik (1999) were the first who discussed the link between entrepreneurship and economic growth in a narrative literature analysis. Due to their particularly high microeconomic relevance highlighted by the authors listed in Table4, this paper specifically proposes additional research on how firm performance, organisational structure and strategies, networking activities and motivations (beyond necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship) determine the impact of entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9479-2, Mueller P (2007) Exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities: the impact of entrepreneurship on growth. Other authors estimated regional entrepreneurship using self-employment or business ownership rates. This paper addresses these five shortcomings through a comprehensive and systematic review of empirical research into the impact of entrepreneurship on economic,Footnote 2 social and environmental welfare. Reg Stud 38:961975. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069456, Belitski M, Desai S (2016) Creativity, entrepreneurship and economic development: city-level evidence on creativity spillover of entrepreneurship. We had pitched our Life Sciences conversion project to an investor panel at the Real Estate Venture Competition twice in the last five hours. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12011, Stam E, Hartog C, van Stel A, Thurik R (2011) Ambitious entrepreneurship, high-growth firms, and macroeconomic growth. Regarding the right-hand-side of Fig. WebThis is a sample PHD level dissertation proposal in entrepreneurship., developed by experts and demonstrates the quality of our services. While Sect. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbw021, Li H, Cheng S, Haynes KE (2011) The employment effects of new business formation: a regional perspective. 2017; Munoz and Cohen 2018; Tern-Ypez et al. Determinants such as innovativeness, motivations and most environmental level determinants have so far received a great deal of attention, while others have only been analysed in very few studies. J Dev Entrep 19:1. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946714500034, Salgado Banda H (2007) Entrepreneurship and economic growth: an empirical analysis. Li et al. Entrepreneurship research has come to see entrepreneurs as a solution for social inequality and environmental degradation rather than a possible cause of them (Gast et al. Interested in applying? Boston Research Data Center; Proposals, and Applications. The empirical evidence identified in the present paper (Aparicio et al. Neumann, T. The impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and its determinants: a systematic review. Mrozewski and Kratzer (2017) even found NEA to decrease the national competitiveness. crime rates or ecological footprint) were explicitly included in the search string (see online Appendix), no studies could be found that analyse the impact of entrepreneurship on them. J Econ Geogr 17:311343. Int J Econ Perspect 11:429441, Mochkabadi K, Volkmann CK (2020) Equity crowdfunding: a systematic review of the literature. Entrep Reg Dev 27:181201. Int Entrep Manag J 3:309322. On the contrary, several authors found that the economic effect of another new firm becomes lower the more entrepreneurs are already on the market and even zero for regions with high entrepreneurship rates close to equilibrium rate (e.g. Table1 illustrates that the main part of the cross-disciplinary scientific discussion, however, took place in the Journals Small Business Economics (24%) and Regional Studies (7%). The latter two measures of entrepreneurship, however, seem to have a less pronounced impact (Acs and Armington 2004; Rho and Gao 2012; Dvoulet 2017). Slider with three articles shown per slide. However, in contrast to the results on employment, they find the medium-term impact to be less pronounced and positive (Audretsch et al. Office of the Dean for Research New South Building, 5th Floor Princeton, NJ 08544 Phone: 609-258-5500 Fax: 609-258-5599 Email: [email protected] Internships: [email protected] Website feedback The empirical results regarding the impact of entrepreneurship on innovativeness are also inconclusive. Growth Change 45:611639. The methodology of the review is based on the current knowledge of systematic reviews (e.g. WebThe PFI-RP track requires the creation and implementation of new multidisciplinary, multi-organization partnerships between academia, industry and other public and private entities to pursue new innovative technology development projects. Titles, abstracts and, in doubtful cases, whole studies were checked against the following set of selection criteria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Noseleit F (2013) Entrepreneurship, structural change, and economic growth. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242414530467, Gonzlez-Perna J, Pea-Legazkue I (2015) Export-oriented entrepreneurship and regional economic growth. However, this topic is reasonably complex, and the complexity increases further when determining factors of this impact are considered. Int J Manag Rev 16:249264. The impact does, however, differ over time. 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2000, Nafziger EW, Terrell D (1996) Entrepreneurial human capital and the long-run survival of firms in India. 2003), on narrative synthesis (e.g. van Praag and Versloot (2007), extended that first review by systematically reviewing and evaluating the empirical findings of 57 articles published between 1995 and 2007. volume71,pages 553584 (2021)Cite this article. Small Bus Econ 36:419442. He is the recipient of the 2007 Kauffman Prize Medal for Distinguished Research in Entrepreneurship, granted every other year to recognize an individuals contributions to entrepreneurship research. The outcome of weeks of preparation hung over our heads. The left-hand-side lists the measures of entrepreneurship used in the analysed studies and shows how often they were applied. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bes030, Fritsch M, Noseleit F (2013b) Start-ups, long- and short-term survivors, and their contribution to employment growth. Furthermore, it is possible that individual studies were not identified by the automated search for the search string in keywords, titles and abstracts. Omri (2017) as well as Dhahri and Omri (2018) and Ben Youssef et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0038-0, Urbano D, Audretsch D, Aparicio S, Noguera M (2019b) Does entrepreneurial activity matter for economic growth in developing countries? 2017; Verheul and van Stel 2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.11.003, Bjrnskov C, Foss N (2013) How strategic entrepreneurship and the institutional context drive economic growth. However, the author has not provided any empirical evidence for the effect of his proposed determinants. However, the present systematic literature review extends the review of Block et al. 3. Section3.3.4 illustrated that the local level of development is a relevant determinant of the impact of entrepreneurship. Manag Rev Q 71, 553584 (2021). A less studied but yet empirically significant determinant is a firms degree of internationalization. Furthermore, the analysis of longitudinal data is required to conduct relevant causality tests. working group on sustainable entrepreneurship in Flensburg, Germany (March, 2020), where earlier versions of the paper were discussed. Many of the determinants discussed here are highly interdependent, which makes it very difficult to extract and examine their separate effects. However, in contrast to Bjrnskov and Foss (2016), Urbano et al. This is why future empirical research should examine determinants which are supposed to be interdependent as well as external effects which may be related to the determinants of interest. Example Of Research Proposal On Entrepreneurship. 2016; Audretsch and Keilbach 2004a, b, c; Bjrnskov and Foss 2016) is in line with the findings of these two reviews which suggest that institutions affect the economy indirectly through endogenous factors like entrepreneurship. Sections3.1 and 3.2 discuss empirical knowledge relating to the impact of entrepreneurship on economic welfare as well as on social and environmental welfare. According to Ben Youssef et al. 3.3.9). How much will it cost, and how much time will it take? This finding matches the results of Omri (2017), who detected the impact on CO2-emissions to be lower in developed countries which generally have lower rates of informal entrepreneurship (Williams and Lansky 2013). findings of a negative short-term impact of entrepreneurship on GDP), can largely be explained by certain determining factors such as a differing impact in developing countries (see Sect. Whatever kind of help you need, we will give it to you. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-09-2015-0130, Kessler A, Korunka C, Frank H, Lueger M (2012) Predicting founding success and new venture survival: a longitudinal nascent entrepreneurship approach. from dissertation, book chapters, conference contributions or working papers. Technol Forecast Soc Change 102:3444. The structure of The author declares that he has no conflict of interest. As a first step, to reduce bias and maintain objectivity in all stages of the review, a review panel was set up. Falck (2007) was the first to find empirical evidence of a positive relationship between new firms which survive for at least 5years and efficiency of the industry in which they are in. Furthermore, little is known on the mechanisms behind the impact of entrepreneurship in developing countries. For instance, the numbers of highly innovative new firms and of highly qualified entrepreneurs may be positively correlated with the excellence of the regional educational infrastructure. Due to the broadness of the search string, the main search yielded many studies which solely dealt with the microeconomic performance of new firms or which analyse how the local level of development determines the number of new firms. Around year five, this medium-term impact becomes positive again and reaches a peak in year eight (supply-side and spill-over effects). Small Bus Econ 36:401418. (2017) by including previously unconsidered as well as recently emerged empirical evidence on the macroeconomic impact of innovative entrepreneurship. 2017). Rev Reg Stud 48:347375, Criscuolo C, Gal PN, Menon C (2017) Do micro start-ups fuel job creation? https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-012-0291-3, Omri A (2017) Entrepreneurship, sectoral outputs and environmental improvement: international evidence. Econ Dev Q 24:2332. Empirical evidence suggests that a particularly important determinant of the impact of entrepreneurship is whether new firms are able to survive the first years. Section3.1 illustrates that although the important indirect impact of entrepreneurship requires 5 or more years to unfold, most empirical research focuses on the direct short-term impact. Small Bus Econ 45:505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9657-x, Gonzlez-Perna J, Pea-Legazkue I, Vendrell-Herrero F (2012) Innovation, entrepreneurial activity and competitiveness at a sub-national level. (2017; systematic literature review of 102 studies published between 2000 and 2015) analysed antecedents, behaviour and consequences of innovative entrepreneurship, Bjrnskov and Foss (2016; systematic literature review of 28 studies) and Urbano et al. The results confirm the findings and theories of previous literature reviews on the impact of entrepreneurship, provide an update and extension to the current knowledge and finally, represent a first attempt to structure the determinants of the impact of entrepreneurship. IZA J Migration 6:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40176-016-0077-8, Nissan E, Galindo Martin M-A, Mendez Picazo M-T (2011) Relationship between organizations, institutions, entrepreneurship and economic growth process. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9307-2, Acs ZJ, Audretsch DB, Lehmann EE (2013) The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. The main results of the literature review regarding the impact of entrepreneurship on economic, social and environmental welfare and the determinants of this impact are presented in Table5 (see online appendix). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Book life expectancy, literacy rates, income inequality), for environmental welfare (e.g. 14 days. Rev World Econ 144:695722. Recent studies confirm this theory and provide empirical evidence that entrepreneurship moderates the transformation of new knowledge into innovations (Block et al. J Clean Prod 147:4456. Government size, tax policy, corruption, and implications for entrepreneurship, The geography of the continuum of entrepreneurship activitiesa first glance based on German data. Croat Rev Econ Bus Soc Stat 2:297. https://doi.org/10.1515/crebss-2016-0007, Henderson J, Weiler S (2009) Entrepreneurs and job growth: probing the boundaries of time and space. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600705877, Fayolle A, Wright M (2014) How to get published in the best entrepreneurship journals: a guide to steer your academic career/edited by Alain Fayolle and Mike Wright. 2. Ofcom research has found that the public was not overly sensitive to increases in advertising minutes but was more likely to notice a rise in the number of ad breaks. Section4.1 discusses how remaining gaps in empirical research into the impact of entrepreneurship can be addressed and Sect. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-005-0246-9, Audretsch DB, Keilbach M (2008) Resolving the knowledge paradox: knowledge-spillover entrepreneurship and economic growth.
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